Health Care Health Article

Cobra snake's blood Benefit

2011-06-11T00:02:00.000-07:00

Snake blood is used in Eastern Asia as an aphrodisiac and a sort of natural Viagra for men. Doctors and medical experts say that there is no evidence to support that snake blood will help a man's libido, but it is still sold in China, Malaysia, Thailand, and other parts of Asia. There is dispute to which type of snake blood works the best, but most seem to prefer cobras or poisonous snakes. In many restaurants and bars the blood is diluted with alcohol or water, but in some places they have a live snake who's tail they pierce right in front of the customer and he/she can suck blood directly from it. Supposedly the less the snake has been punctured the more potent its blood is. And if it is sucked straight from the snake it will work the best. Snake blood peddlers say that after a few minutes you will be able to feel the effects.

These are the list of snake blood Effect:

Anti-inflammatory effects
According to recent studies, snake blood may be useful in treating Rheumatoid arthritis. Scientists now suggest the potent has anti-inflammatory effects, thus is beneficial in treating inflammatory disorders such as arthritis. Nonetheless, research is still ongoing to determine whether this theory has scientific backing.

Post-surgery healing
When organs or tissues stick to each other after surgery, morbidity is inevitable. For this reason, applying the potent on the incision or wound can prevent the occurrence of post-surgical morbidity. Additionally, it has minimal side effects in distant organs or tissues, and concentrates the therapeutic effect on the incision or wound, thus promote faster healing.

Reduces risk of stroke
Strokes occur when fatty material clog up the arteries. This condition is characterized by trouble speaking, difficultly swallowing, writing, permanent neurological damage, paralysis and even death. Studies show that snake venom contains toxins which prevent clogging of the arteries, thereby reduce your risk of stroke.

Treats cancer
Researchers have found out that snake venom contains certain proteins that help inhibit tumor growth. The potent slows down the development of tumors and blocks cell invasion and adhesion. According to scientific findings, snake venom can help to cure certain types of cancer.

Boosts male potency
Snake blood also helps to boost male potency. Nonetheless, studies are still ongoing to determine whether this theory is factual. Doctors say that thorough research on this area is vital to ensure that the alleged benefits have scientific backing.

Cure skin diseases

The most controversial effect of snake blood is that it can cure skin diseases, such as red spots on the skin surface. I myself have drank a few times to keep my skin smooth. For people with acne are also recommended to drink cobra snake's blood. It may reduce the acne on your face too. A lot of people believe that the cobra snake's blood is very efficacious to cure various skin diseases. but there also are many people who do not believe. Some sites say that in terms of snake blood medicine was not efficacious to cure skin diseases. They think it's just a suggestion only.

Coffee, Good or Bad for health?

2011-06-08T08:53:00.001-07:00

Scientific studies have examined the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. Findings have been contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding the potentially harmful effects of coffee consumption. Variations in findings, however, can be at least partially resolved by considering the method of preparation. Coffee prepared using paper filters removes oily components called diterpenes that are present in unfiltered coffee. Two types of diterpenes are present in coffee: kahweol and cafestol, both of which have been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease via elevation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in blood.Metal filters, on the other hand, do not remove the oily components of coffee.

In addition to differences in methods of preparation, conflicting data regarding serving size could partially explain differences between beneficial/harmful effects of coffee consumption.

Lines from explanatory text point to portions of the body.

Overview of effects of moderate consumption of caffeine, a main active component of coffee

Coffee consumption has been shown to have minimal or no impact, positive or negative, on cancer development; however, researchers involved in an ongoing 22-year study by the Harvard School of Public Health state that "the overall balance of risks and benefits [of coffee consumption] are on the side of benefits." For example, men who drank six or more cups of coffee per day were found to have a 20% reduction in developing prostate cancer. Other studies suggest coffee consumption reduces the risk of being affected by Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, cirrhosis of the liver, and gout. A longitudinal study in 2009 showed that those who consumed a moderate amount of coffee or tea (3–5 cups per day) at midlife were less likely to develop dementia and Alzheimer's disease in late-life compared with those who drank little coffee or avoided it altogether. It increases the risk of acid reflux and associated diseases. Most of coffee's beneficial effects against type 2 diabetes are not due to its caffeine content, as the positive effects of consumption are greater in those who drink decaffeinated coffee. The presence of antioxidants in coffee has been shown to prevent free radicals from causing cell damage. A recent study showed that roast coffee, high in lipophilic antioxidants and chlorogenic acid lactones, protected primary neuronal cell cultures against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death.

In a healthy liver, caffeine is mostly broken down by the hepatic microsomal enzymatic system. The resulting metabolites are mostly paraxanthines—theobromine and theophylline—and a small amount of unchanged caffeine is excreted by urine. Therefore, the metabolism of caffeine depends on the state of this enzymatic system of the liver. Elderly individuals with a depleted enzymatic system do not tolerate coffee with caffeine. They are recommended to take decaffeinated coffee, and this only if their stomach is healthy, because both decaffeinated coffee and coffee with caffeine cause heartburn. Moderate amounts of coffee (50–100 mg of caffeine or 5–10 g of coffee powder a day) are well tolerated by most elderly people. Excessive amounts of coffee, however, can, in many individuals, cause very unpleasant, exceptionally even life-threatening adverse effects. The benefits of coffee on abnormal liver biochemistry, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma have been reported, but there is a lack of satisfactory explanation. A possible opposite, if not antagonistic, role of coffee and Mediterranean Diet with regard to overweightness and insulin resistance is envisaged in the natural history of NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic-Fatty-Liver-Disease) . Coffee consumption can lead to iron deficiency anemia in mothers and infants. Coffee also interferes with the absorption of supplemental iron. Interference with iron absorption is due to the polyphenols present in coffee. Four major classes were identified: flavan-3-ols (monomers and procyanidins), hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and anthocyanidins. Although the inhibition of iron absorption can cause an iron deficiency, iron is considered a carcinogen in relation to the liver. Polyphenols contained in coffee are therefore associated with decreasing the risk of liver cancer development.

American scientist Yaser Dorri has suggested that the smell of coffee can restore appetite and refresh olfactory receptors. He suggests that people can regain their appetite after cooking by smelling coffee beans, and that this method can also be used for research animals.

Over 1,000 chemicals have been reported in roasted coffee; more than half of those tested (19/28) are rodent carcinogens. Coffee's negative health effects are often blamed on its caffeine content. Instant coffee has a much greater amount of acrylamide than brewed coffee. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary increase in the stiffening of arterial walls. Caffeinated coffee is not recommended for everybody. It may aggravate preexisting conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, migraines, arrhythmias, and cause sleep disturbances.

Coffee is no longer thought to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. One study suggests that it may have a mixed effect on short-term memory, by improving it when the information to be recalled is related to the current train of thought but making it more difficult to recall unrelated information. Caffeine has been associated with its ability to act as an antidepressant. A review by de Paulis and Martin indicated a link between a decrease in suicide rates and coffee consumption, and suggested that the action of caffeine in blocking the inhibitory effects of adenosine on dopamine nerves in the brain reduced feelings of depression. A 1992 study concluded that about 10% of people with a moderate daily intake (235 mg per day) experienced increased depression and anxiety when caffeine was withdrawn, but a 2002 review of the literature criticised its methodology and concluded that "the effects of caffeine withdrawal are still controversial." About 15% of the U.S. general population report having stopped drinking coffee altogether, citing concern about health and unpleasant side effects of caffeine.

Coffee is not completely innocent. Caffeine, coffee's main ingredient is a mild addictive stimulant. And coffee does have modest cardiovascular effects such as increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and occasional irregular heartbeat that should be considered. Studies have been largely inconclusive regarding coffee and its effect on women's health issues such as breast health, cancer, and osteoporosis. But, the negative effects of coffee tend to emerge in excessive drinking so it is best to avoid heavy consumption.

Caffeine and headaches

There is some controversy over whether the caffeine in coffee causes headaches or helps relieve headaches. In a 2000 controlled study by the Diamond Headache Clinic in Chicago, Illinois, revealed that adults who took ibuprofen, an over the counter pain killer, combined with caffeine or one cup of coffee had increased effectiveness against tension headaches. The study did not recommend that the caffeine and ibuprofen combination was effective against migraine headaches. A Johns Hopkins controlled study has linked drinking coffee with addictive withdrawal headaches, even with those who drink coffee in moderation. A 2009 Norwegian University of Science and Technology controlled study claims that heavy coffee drinkers, four cups a day, are more likely to suffer occasional headaches than persons who have low coffee or caffeine consumption.

Caffeine molecule

Caffeine content

The stimulant effect of coffee is due to its caffeine content. The caffeine content of a cup of coffee varies depending mainly on the brewing method, and also on the variety of bean.

According to Bunker and McWilliams (J. Am. Diet. 74:28–32, 1979), coffee has the following caffeine content:

brewed: 1 cup (7 oz, 207 ml) = 80–135 mg.

drip: 1 cup (7 oz, 207 ml) = 115–175 mg.

espresso: 1 shot (1.5–2 oz, 45–60 ml) = 100 mg

Thesaurus: Coffee, Good or Bad for health?

2011-06-08T08:49:00.000-07:00

Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments. They are the sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins based on the flavylium ion or 2-phenylchromenylium which is a type of oxonium ion (chromenylium is referred also to as benzopyrylium)

Flavonols are present in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. In Western populations, estimated daily intake is in the range of 20-50 mg per day for flavonols. Individual intake varies depending on the type of diet consumed. The phenomenon of dual fluorescence (due to excited state intramolecular proton transfer or ESIPT) is induced by tautomerism of flavonols (and glucosides) and could contribute to plant UV protection and flower colour.

Theophylline also known as dimethylxanthine, is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as COPD and asthma under a variety of brand names. Because of its numerous side-effects, the drug is now rarely administered for clinical use. As a member of the xanthine family, it bears structural and pharmacological similarity to caffeine. It is naturally found in tea, although in trace amounts (~1 mg/L), significantly less than therapeutic doses. It is found also in cocoa beans. Amounts as high as 3.7 mg/g have been reported in Criollo cocoa beans. The main actions of theophylline involve:

* relaxing bronchial smooth muscle

* increasing heart muscle contractility and efficiency; as a positive inotropic

* increasing heart rate: positive chronotropic

* increasing blood pressure

* increasing renal blood flow

* some anti-inflammatory effects

* central nervous system stimulatory effect mainly on the medullary respiratory center.

Theobromine, also known as xantheose, is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, including the leaves of the tea plant, and the kola or cola nut. It is in the methylxanthine class of chemical compounds, which also includes the similar compounds theophylline and caffeine. (In caffeine, the only difference is that the NH group of theobromine is an N-CH3 group.) Despite its name, the compound contains no bromine—theobromine is derived from Theobroma, the name of the genus of the cacao tree, (which itself is made up of the Greek roots theo ("God") and brosi ("food"), meaning "food of the gods") with the suffix -ine given to alkaloids and other basic nitrogen-containing compounds.

Theobromine is a water-insoluble, crystalline, bitter powder; the colour has been listed as either white or colourless. It has a similar, but lesser, effect to caffeine in the human nervous system, making it a lesser homologue. Theobromine is an isomer of theophylline, as well as paraxanthine. Theobromine is categorized as a dimethyl xanthine.

Paraxanthine or 1,7-dimethylxanthine, is a dimethyl derivative of xanthine, structurally related to caffeine. Like caffeine, paraxanthine is a psychoactive central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It possesses a potency roughly equal to that of caffeine and is likely involved in the mediation of the effects of caffeine itself.

Paraxanthine is not produced by plants and is only observed in nature as a metabolite of caffeine in animals. After intake, roughly 84% of caffeine is demethylated at the 3-position to yield paraxanthine, making it the chief metabolite of caffeine in the body.

Certain proposed synthetic pathways of caffeine make use of paraxanthine as a bypass intermediate. However, its absence in plant alkaloid assays implies that these are infrequently, if ever, directly produced by plants.

Paraxanthine has a number of physiological effects on animals:

Paraxanthine is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF-alpha and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity

Paraxanthine is a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist which raises plasma epinephrine and diastolic blood pressure.

Paraxanthine is responsible for the lipolytic properties of caffeine, and its presence in the blood causes an increase in serum free fatty acid concentration.

Paraxanthine, unlike caffeine, acts as an enzymatic effector of Na+/K+ ATPase. As a result, it is responsible for increased transport of potassium ions into skeletal muscle tissue. Similarly, the compound also stimulates increases in calcium ion concentration in muscle.

Paraxanthine is believed to exhibit a lower toxicity than caffeine. While blood levels commensurate with average intake appear to be fairly innocuous, high blood concentrations of paraxanthine have been linked to spontaneous abortion in pregnant mothers.

Dementia (taken from Latin, originally meaning "madness", from de- "without" + ment, the root of mens "mind") is a serious loss of cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging. It may be static, the result of a unique global brain injury, or progressive, resulting in long-term decline due to damage or disease in the body. Although dementia is far more common in the geriatric population, it may occur in any stage of adulthood.

This age cutoff is defining, as similar sets of symptoms due to organic brain syndrome or dysfunction, are given different names in populations younger than adult. Up to the end of the 19th century, dementia was a much broader clinical concept. Well into the second half of the 20th century, dementia of the elderly was called senile dementia or senility and viewed as a normal aspect of growing old rather than as being caused by any specific diseases, while Alzheimer's disease was seen as a rare disease of middle age, until the neurologist Robert Katzmann signaled a link between "senile dementia" and Alzheimer's.

Dementia is a non-specific illness syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) in which affected areas of cognition may be memory, attention, language, and problem solving. It is normally required to be present for at least 6 months to be diagnosed; cognitive dysfunction that has been seen only over shorter times, in particular less than weeks, must be termed delirium. In all types of general cognitive dysfunction, higher mental functions are affected first in the process.

Especially in the later stages of the condition, affected persons may be disoriented in time (not knowing what day of the week, day of the month, or even what year it is), in place (not knowing where they are), and in person (not knowing who they are or others around them). Dementia, though often treatable to some degree, is usually due to causes that are progressive and incurable.

Symptoms of dementia can be classified as either reversible or irreversible, depending upon the etiology of the disease. Less than 10% of cases of dementia are due to causes that may presently be reversed with treatment. Causes include many different specific disease processes, in the same way that symptoms of organ dysfunction such as shortness of breath, jaundice, or pain are attributable to many etiologies.

Without careful assessment of history, the short-term syndrome of delirium (often lasting days to weeks) can easily be confused with dementia, because they have all symptoms in common, save duration. Some mental illnesses, including depression and psychosis, may also produce symptoms that must be differentiated from both delirium and dementia.

Chronic use of substances such as alcohol can also predispose the patient to cognitive changes suggestive of dementia, although moderate intake may have a protective effect.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also called Alzheimer disease, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer's type, or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of dementia. This incurable, degenerative, and terminal disease was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him. Most often, it is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age, although the less-prevalent early-onset Alzheimer's can occur much earlier. In 2006, there were 26.6 million sufferers worldwide. Alzheimer's is predicted to affect 1 in 85 people globally by 2050.

Although the course of Alzheimer's disease is unique for every individual, there are many common symptoms. The earliest observable symptoms are often mistakenly thought to be 'age-related' concerns, or manifestations of stress. In the early stages, the most common symptom is inability to acquire new memories, observed as difficulty in recalling recently observed events. When AD is suspected, the diagnosis is usually confirmed with behavioural assessments and cognitive tests, often followed by a brain scan if available.

As the disease advances, symptoms include confusion, irritability and aggression, mood swings, language breakdown, long-term memory loss, and the general withdrawal of the sufferer as their senses decline. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Individual prognosis is difficult to assess, as the duration of the disease varies. AD develops for an indeterminate period of time before becoming fully apparent, and it can progress undiagnosed for years. The mean life expectancy following diagnosis is approximately seven years. Fewer than three percent of individuals live more than fourteen years after diagnosis.

The cause and progression of Alzheimer's disease are not well understood. Research indicates that the disease is associated with plaques and tangles in the brain. Currently used treatments offer a small symptomatic benefit; no treatments to delay or halt the progression of the disease are, as of yet, available. As of 2008, more than 500 clinical trials have been conducted for identification of a possible treatment for AD, but it is unknown if any of the tested intervention strategies will show promising results. A number of non-invasive, life-style habits have been suggested for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease, but there is a lack of adequate evidence for a link between these recommendations and reduced degeneration. Mental stimulation, exercise, and a balanced diet are suggested, as both a possible prevention and a sensible way of managing the disease.

Because AD cannot be cured and is degenerative, management of patients is essential. The role of the main caregiver is often taken by the spouse or a close relative. Alzheimer's disease is known for placing a great burden on caregivers; the pressures can be wide-ranging, involving social, psychological, physical, and economic elements of the caregiver's life. In developed countries, AD is one of the most costly diseases to society.

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis, scar tissue and regenerative nodules (lumps that occur as a result of a process in which damaged tissue is regenerated), leading to loss of liver function. Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcoholism, hepatitis B and C, and fatty liver disease, but has many other possible causes. Some cases are idiopathic, i.e., of unknown cause.

Ascites (fluid retention in the abdominal cavity) is the most common complication of cirrhosis, and is associated with a poor quality of life, increased risk of infection, and a poor long-term outcome. Other potentially life-threatening complications are hepatic encephalopathy (confusion and coma) and bleeding from esophageal varices. Cirrhosis is generally irreversible, and treatment usually focuses on preventing progression and complications. In advanced stages of cirrhosis the only option is a liver transplant.

Cafestol is a diterpene molecule present in coffee. A typical bean of Coffea arabica contains about 0.6% cafestol by weight. Cafestol is present in highest quantity in unfiltered coffee drinks such as French press coffee or Turkish coffee/Greek coffee. In filtered coffee drinks such as drip brewed coffee, it is present in only negligible amounts.

Studies have shown that regular consumption of boiled coffee increases serum cholesterol by 8% in men and 10% in women. For those drinking filter coffee, the effect was only significant for women. Cafestol has also shown anticarcinogenic properties in rats.

According to a 2007 study from Dr. David Moore's lab at Baylor College of Medicine, cafestol may act as an agonist ligand for the nuclear receptor Farnesoid X receptor and Pregnane X receptor, blocking cholesterol homeostasis. Cafestol has also been implicated in inhibiting the progress of Parkinson's disease.

Kahweol is a diterpene molecule found in the beans of Coffea arabica. It is structurally related to cafestol.

Terpenes are a large and varied class of organic compounds, produced primarily by a wide variety of plants, particularly conifers, though also by some insects such as termites or swallowtail butterflies, which emit terpenes from their osmeterium.

Terpenes and terpenoids are the primary constituents of the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. Essential oils are used widely as natural flavor additives for food, as fragrances in perfumery, and in traditional and alternative medicines such as aromatherapy. Synthetic variations and derivatives of natural terpenes and terpenoids also greatly expand the variety of aromas used in perfumery and flavors used in food additives. Vitamin A is an example of a terpene.

Terpenes are released by trees more actively in warmer weather, acting as a natural form of cloud seeding. The clouds reflect sunlight, allowing the forest to regulate its temperature.

The aroma and flavor of hops, highly desirable in some beers, comes from terpenes. Of the terpenes in hops myrcene, b-pinene, b-caryophyllene, and a-humulene are found in the largest quantities.

Adenosine plays an important role in biochemical processes, such as energy transfer—as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)—as well as in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. It is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter, believed to play a role in promoting sleep and suppressing arousal, with levels increasing with each hour an organism is awake.

Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. Dopamine is produced in several areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. Dopamine is also a neurohormone released by the hypothalamus. Its main function as a hormone is to inhibit the release of prolactin from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

Dopamine is available as an intravenous medication acting on the sympathetic nervous system, producing effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure. However, because dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, dopamine given as a drug does not directly affect the central nervous system. To increase the amount of dopamine in the brains of patients with diseases such as Parkinson's disease and dopa-responsive dystonia, L-DOPA (the precursor of dopamine), is often given because it crosses the blood-brain barrier relatively easily.

Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to cardiac muscle and surrounding tissue. It is already the most common form of disease affecting the heart and an important cause of premature death in Europe, the Baltic states, Russia, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It has been predicted that all regions of the world will be affected by 2020

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease is chronic symptoms or mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus. A typical symptom is heartburn.

GERD is usually caused by changes in the barrier between the stomach and the esophagus, including abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which normally holds the top of the stomach closed; impaired expulsion of gastric reflux from the esophagus, or a hiatal hernia. These changes may be permanent or temporary ("transient").

Another kind of acid reflux, which causes respiratory and laryngeal signs and symptoms, is called laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or "extraesophageal reflux disease" (EERD). Unlike GERD, LPR is unlikely to produce heartburn, and is sometimes called silent reflux.

Acrylamide is prepared on an industrial scale by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile by nitrile hydratase. Most acrylamide is used to synthesize polyacrylamides, which find many uses as water-soluble thickeners. These include use in wastewater treatment, gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), papermaking, ore processing, and the manufacture of permanent press fabrics. Some acrylamide is used in the manufacture of dyes and the manufacture of other monomers.

Acrylamide also occurs in many cooked starchy foods and is of concern as a possible carcinogen. Acrylamide was accidentally discovered in foods in April 2002 by scientists in Sweden when they found the chemical in starchy foods, such as potato chips, French fries, and bread that had been heated (production of acrylamide in the heating process was shown to be temperature-dependent). It was not found in food that had been boiled or in foods that were not heated.

In February 2009, Health Canada announced that they were assessing whether acrylamide, which occurs naturally during the cooking of French fries, potato chips, and other processed foods, is a hazard to human health and whether any regulatory action needs to be taken. They are currently collecting information on the properties and prevalence of acrylamide in order to make their assessment. In December 2009, after a positive reception from the food industry, Health Canada invited comment from the public on this proposal.

The European Chemical Agency added acrylamide to the list of substances of very high concern in March 2010.

Carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer. This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Several radioactive substances are considered carcinogens, but their carcinogenic activity is attributed to the radiation, for example gamma rays and alpha particles, which they emit. Common examples of carcinogens are inhaled asbestos, certain dioxins, and tobacco smoke. Cancer is a disease in which damaged cells do not undergo programmed cell death. Carcinogens may increase the risk of cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with biological processes, and induces the uncontrolled, malignant division, ultimately leading to the formation of tumors. Usually DNA damage, if too severe to repair, leads to programmed cell death, but if the programmed cell death pathway is damaged, then the cell cannot prevent itself from becoming a cancer cell.

Olfaction (also known as olfactics; adjectival form: "olfactory") is the sense of smell. This sense is mediated by specialized sensory cells of the nasal cavity of vertebrates, and, by analogy, sensory cells of the antennae of invertebrates. Many vertebrates, including most mammals and reptiles, have two distinct olfactory systems—the main olfactory system, and the accessory olfactory system (mainly used to detect pheromones). For air-breathing animals, the main olfactory system detects volatile chemicals, and the accessory olfactory system detects fluid-phase chemicals. For water-dwelling organisms, e.g., fish or crustaceans, the chemicals are present in the surrounding aqueous medium. Olfaction, along with taste, is a form of chemoreception.

Ibuprofen (INN) from the now-outdated nomenclature iso-butyl-propanoic-phenolic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for relief of symptoms of arthritis, fever, as an analgesic (pain reliever) for pain, especially where there is an inflammatory component, and dysmenorrhea.

Ibuprofen is known to have an antiplatelet effect, though it is relatively mild and short-lived when compared with aspirin or other better-known antiplatelet drugs. In general, ibuprofen also acts as a vasodilator, having been shown to dilate coronary arteries and some other blood vessels. Ibuprofen is a core medicine in the World Health Organization's "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic healthcare system.

Seven ways to live healthy

2011-06-08T06:08:00.000-07:00

Health problems can arise at any time, especially if we are unaware of the symptoms and causes. No we know the lifestyle and unhealthy eating patterns is the main causative factor.

Although there are other causes that can not be avoided like genetic factor, environmental pollution.To stay healthy, there are many ways to get it. One of them, follow these seven tactics and get a better quality of life:

1. Clean air, healthy lungs-were
To avoid respiratory distress, breathe clean air and healthy. The trick? No need to bother go hiking for fresh air, the morning air was very good for your lungs. Also avoid too polluted air, such as cigarette smoke, fumes or dust. Clean home and work space regularly, including furniture, fans and air conditioners.

2. Drink plenty of water
Water is the best of any drink. Get used to drink 8-10 glasses per day. These habits will help maintain the smooth functioning of the kidneys and urinary tract. Strive to drink warm water at night and cool water (not ice water) in the daytime. Add a little lemon or lime. Besides good to freshen up, drink it also helps remove toxins from the body.

3. Consumption of nutritious and balanced menu
Choose a menu with adequate nutrition, balanced and varied. Expand the consumption of green vegetables and fruits that contain lots of fiber and nutrients the body needs fiber. Avoid junk foods and processed foods, and reduce consumption of salt and sugar. One more thing, do not forget breakfast! Because the breakfast to support our activities throughout the day.

4. Balance between work, exercise and rest
Working hard without a break absolutely nothing in it for you. Get used to break regularly 7-8 hours at night, and do not often stayed up late or sleeping too late. Try to use leisure time to exercise lightly or just relaxes muscles joints.By exercising 2-3 times per week, for 30-45 minutes, enough to make the body fit and stamina.

5. Control the brain work
Brain, as well as our bodies, he also needs a rest. Do not give too much weight, because the brain also has a limited memory. Perform in leisure time activities that make the brain work more relaxed, like for example doing an enjoyable hobby, like painting, reading the latest novel or just listening to music.

6. Go live in harmony
Man is a microcosm of nature as a macrocosm must comply if he wants to stay healthy. Do all of that for prevention to always remember the sage advice to "make well before thirst arises."
Use common sense! That's the key, do not sacrifice life to obey the pleasure ourselves through bad habits and risky. For example, drinking, smoking or using illegal drugs. Try to live in harmony, as much as possible minimize the risk of psychological or emotional stress.

7. Use nutritional supplements
Only if necessary! Our bodies need antioxidants (beta-carotene), vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium. All of these substances needed by the body to enhance vitality and extend life expectancy. To get a lot of ways you can do.In addition to fresh foods, you can also consume a lot of health supplements on the market. Instead, the use of dietary supplements is recommended as an alternative therapy course with emphasis on types of food supplements that have been researched and useful.

Ham Salad Recipe

2011-06-08T06:05:00.001-07:00

Here a simply recipe that will suitable for your breakfast yet getting a good proportion for your nutrition needs.

Ham Salad Ingredients

2 cups finely diced ham
3 hard-boiled eggs, chopped
1/4 cup sweet pickle relish
1/4 cup mayonnaise
2 Tbsp minced onion
2 Tbsp minced celery
2 Tbsp minced red bell pepper
1 Tbsp chopped fresh parsley
2 Tsp Dijon mustard
1 Tbsp lemon juice
A large pinch of cayenne (optional)
Salt and black pepper to taste

Method

Mix everything but the salt, pepper and cayenne in a large bowl. Taste and add cayenne, salt and black pepper to taste. Serve chilled.
Serve straight, or mixed in with macaroni, or in a sandwich in a hamburger bun, a Kaiser roll, regular bread, in a pita or as a wrap. Good with lemonade on a hot day.
Makes enough for 3 to 4 sandwiches.

Salad Ingridients

2011-06-08T06:04:00.002-07:00

Vegetables - Leaf vegetables, such as head lettuce, curly lettuce, endive, chicory, romaine, water cress, celery and cabbage, make very attractive salads served alone with a dressing or in combination with other materials.

Tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, cabbage and ground carrots are excellent uncooked materials for salad, as are also Bermuda or Spanish onions in thin wafer-like slices or young spring onions marinated in French dressing.

Many cooked vegetables, such as peas, carrots, beans, beets, cauliflower, spinach, asparagus and potatoes, are used in salad making, alone or in combination.

Fruits - The fruits most commonly used in the preparation of salads are oranges, bananas, apples, cherries, grapefruit, grapes, peaches, pears and pineapple. Watermelon or cantaloupe adds a delicious flavor to a fruit salad.

Dried Fruits - Dates, figs and raisins give variety to fruit salads.

Meats - Chicken always makes a delicious salad. Veal and pork may be combined with chicken and it is difficult to detect their use. They may be used alone in salads, also.

Crab, lobster, shrimp, oysters, salmon, tuna fish and sardines are most commonly used in fish salads. Any firm-fleshed cooked fish may be diced and combined with other materials.

Cheese - Cream cheese or cottage cheese, served in mounds on lettuce leaves, makes an attractive salad, with bar-le-duc or other jelly or jam as a garnish. It can also be mixed with green peppers or pimientoes, rolled in nuts, served with pineapple or molded in a loaf and sliced.

Eggs - The most common egg salad is the "deviled egg," or salad egg. Hard-cooked eggs can be cut in slices or quarters or fancy shapes and served on a bed of lettuce leaves with a dressing or used with other ingredients in a vegetable or fish salad.

Herbs - Such herbs as chervil, mint, parsley, peppergrass, sorrel and tarragon may be added to salad to give a pungent flavor.

Fennel (finochio) tops, or root and stem of anise flavor, dandelion, chard, escarole, celery cabbage or cooked zucchini are used both as body of the salad and as flavoring. Those who have a garden will find dill, nasturtium leaves and seeds, catnip and rose geranium leaves usable.

How to serve Salad

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Washing Ingredients - Wash salad greens and examine to insure the removal of all aphids. Then soak in cold water for half an hour to crisp, and dry on a towel or by shaking in a wire basket.

Chilling Ingredients - All ingredients, fruits, vegetables, and dressing, should be chilled (see directions on next page for keeping materials) before being folded together. The bowl used should be chilled; also the plates upon which the salad is served.

Frozen Salads - This name may seem misleading because pieces of fruit or vegetable in salads should never be actually frozen. Combined with whipped cream and mayonnaise, the mixture is frozen like mousse, but it should not be frozen long enough to harden the fruit or vegetable. Salads made of vegetable or fruit pulp may be frozen. The freezing can be done by packing in ice and salt or by placing the mixture in the drawers of a mechanically cooled refrigerator.

Keeping Materials - Lettuce, most vegetables and many fruits may be kept for days by wrapping in a damp cloth or paper bag and placing on ice. In a mechanically cooled refrigerator, lettuce and other salad greens keep best if they are washed and placed in closely covered enamel or porcelain containers with a very little water.

Cutting Materials - Salad materials should be cut in uniform, well-defined pieces small enough so that they will not lose their shape in the folding process. If part of the celery to be used is tough, cut it in fine pieces and cut the tender parts in larger pieces. In this way the toughness will not be detected.

"When both the dark and light meat of chicken are used, dice the dark in small cubes and the light in larger cubes. This gives a more pleasing appearance to the salad. If veal or pork is used to extend the chicken, dice it finer than the chicken and its presence will not be detected.

Marinating Salads - A marinade is used to give flavor to salad materials and is made by mixing oil, salt, and lemon-juice or vinegar (sometimes onion-juice). The vegetables, fish or meat may stand an hour or so in the marinade before using. When several vegetables are to be used, each one should be marinated separately. For serving, these vegetables may be combined, or placed on lettuce leaves in small individual mounds, as preferred.

Addition of Salad Dressing - The dressing should never be folded into the salad until time for serving, except in the case of a salad like potato salad, when it is preferable for the dressing to soak in.

Arrangement of Salad - The lettuce leaf should have the stem end cut off so that this ragged part does not hang over the edge of the plate. Care should be taken that the garnish is carefully placed.

Place the salad on the lettuce leaf carefully so that it will not fall apart and spread ungracefully over the plate. No part of the salad should extend beyond the edge of the plate.

Why Salad?

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Salad is often touted as a healthy diet food, but the benefits of eating a salad go well beyond dieting and weight loss. Choosing to eat a salad today instead of something else can improve your overall health, make you feel better about yourself and inspire you to continue to make healthy food choices.

Hydration

Eating a salad will help to provide you with your necessary daily intake of water. The vegetables and fruits used in salads contain high amounts of water. Adequate water intake throughout the day is necessary to keep your body healthy, properly functioning and warding off fatigue. Eating a salad can help you remain hydrated. A salad will not provide all your hydration, but it can provide a beneficial amount.

Add Fiber

Vegetables and fruit provide a significant amount of fiber, and fiber is important to your overall health. Eating a salad will increase your fiber intake making you more likely to consume the necessary amounts of daily fiber. The minimal amounts of fiber you should consume vary slightly depending on your age, gender and size, but it is generally between 20 g and 30 g per day.

Improve Digestion

The mixture of high fiber and water contents found in salads can help improve your digestive system. Having a properly working digestive system will reduce constipation and help to remove toxins from your body before they can do any harm.

Reduce Calories

Salads can be a lower calorie option to other foods you might eat instead of a salad. Therefore, by eating a salad you can reduce your daily calories and help yourself achieve weight loss. It is important to note that not all salads are lower in calories. Items that tend to make salads higher in calories include breaded or fried meats, red meat, cheese, high calorie dressings and croutons.

Increase Vitamin and Mineral Intake

Getting a variety of vitamins and minerals in your daily diet is important to your overall health and eating a salad can help you achieve this. HelpGuide.org reports that green leafy vegetables contain an assortment of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, zinc and vitamins A, C, E and K. Therefore, eating salads full of leafy greens, such as spinach, kale or mustard greens, will help increase your vitamin and mineral intake.

Help Get You Daily Servings

Making a salad apart of your day will increase you intake of fruits and vegetables and help you eat the recommended daily intake. Harvard School of Public Health reports that most people should get about nine servings of fruits and vegetables per day; that is about 4 and a half cups. Eating a salad can help ensure you get at least a couple of these servings.

Daily Food Requirement

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The United States Department of Agriculture, also known as USDA, issues regular recommendations for food requirements based on the latest in research and nutritional studies. Every five years the USDA publishes a report titled "Dietary Guidelines for Americans." the latest edition came out in 2005. It highlights all the federal nutritional policies and recommendations regarding healthy eating and physical activity. The publication is intended to provide people with advice on good dietary practices and nutritional requirements.

Grains

The USDA recommends that all healthy adults and children consume grains with every meal. It makes specific recommendations based on age, sex and level of physical activity. The 2005 guidelines recommend that an adult male aged 19 to 30, needs eight ounce-equivalents per day of grains. One ounce-equivalent from the grains group would be one slice of bread, 1/2 cup of cooked rice, cooked pasta or cooked cereal, or 1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal. The USDA recommends that a women belonging to the same age group consume six ounce-equivalent. At least half of the grains intake should come from whole-grain sources such as whole wheat flour, bulgur, oatmeal, whole cornmeal and brown rice. These recommendations are aimed at increasing the intake of dietary fiber and other important nutrients, such as magnesium, selenium, folate, thiamin, riboflavin and other B vitamins.

Vegetables

An adult male needs 3 cups of vegetables; the adult female requires 2 1/2 cups. The USDA also provides specific weekly recommendation intakes for the vegetable subgroups: dark green vegetables, orange vegetables, starchy vegetables and other vegetables. One cup refers to chopped, loosely packed vegetables but with leafy vegetables, such as lettuce and parsley, 2 cups is needed instead. Vegetables are low in fat and calories and supply the body with much-needed vitamins and antioxidants.

Meats and Beans

This group comprises all meats, fish, legumes, eggs and nuts. The USDA recommends varying sources of protein and including fish that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The adult female needs five ounce-equivalents, while the adult male needs six. One ounce-equivalent of protein translates to 1 oz. of fish or meat or one egg.